Tsomi

Natively known as: zhomi /ˈʈʂomi/

  ...and he stood holding his hat and turned his wet face to the wind...
gǐ èr aī toǔ ěn ei gǐ faī saǐ aī jô ân ō
Pronunciation: /ki˧˥ ɤ˨˩˦ʐ ai̯˥ tʰou̯˧˥ ɤ˧˥n ei̯˧ ki˧˥ fai̯˥ sai̯˧˥ ai̯˥ ʨo˥˩ a˥˩n o˥/
ʈʂomi word order: and he hat his holding stood and the wind to his face wet turned  

Spelling & Phonology

  Consonant inventory: f j k kʰ l m n p pʰ s t tʰ w x ŋ ɥ ʂ ʂʰ ʈ ʐ ʦ ʦʰ ʨ ʨʰ  
↓Manner/Place→BilabialLabiodentalAlveolarRetroflexAlveolo-palatalPalatalVelar
Nasalmnŋ
Stopp pʰt tʰʈk kʰ
Affricateʦ ʦʰʨ ʨʰ
Fricativefsʂ ʂʰ ʐx
Approximantj
Lateral approximantl
  Co-articulated phonemes  
↓Manner/Place→Labial-palatalLabial-velar
Approximantɥw
  Vowel inventory: a ai̯ au̯ ei̯ i o ou̯ u y ə ɛ ɤ ʊ   Diphthongs: ai̯ au̯ ei̯ ou̯ ?   Tones: ˧ ˥ ˧˥ ˨˩˦ ˥˩  
FrontCentralBack
Highi yu
Near-highʊ
High-midɤ o
Midə
Low-midɛ
Lowa
  Syllable structure: Custom defined ?
Stress pattern: Penultimate — stress is on the second last syllable ?   Spelling rules:  
PronunciationSpelling
wu / C_
pb / !_ʰ
kg / !_ʰ
td / !_ʰ
ʨʰq
ʦʰc
ʈʂʰch
ʈʂzh
ʦz
ʐr
ʰ
ŋknk
ŋng
xh
ʂsh
ɤe
əe
ʊo
yü / C_
yyu
jy
ʨj
ɛa
˥˩̂
˧˥̌
˨˩˦̀
˥̄
˧
̯
 

Grammar

  Main word order: Subject (Prepositional phrase) Object Verb. “Mary opened the door with a key” turns into Mary with a key the door opened.
Adjective order: Adjectives are positioned after the noun.
Adposition: postpositions ?  

Nouns

  Nouns have four cases:
  • Nominative is the doer of a verb: dog bites man.
  • Accusative is the done-to of a verb: man bites dog.
  • Genitive is the possessor of something: dog’s tail hits man.
  • Dative is the recipient of something: man gives ball to dog.
NominativeNo affix
shū /ʂu˥/ dog (doing the verb)
AccusativeSuffix -i˧˥
shūǐ /ˈʂu˥i˧˥/ (verb done to) dog
GenitiveIf ends with vowel: Suffix -ʐʦa˧
Else: Suffix -ɛ˨˩˦ʐʦa˧
shūrza /ˈʂu˥ʐʦa˧/ dogʼs
DativeIf ends with vowel: Suffix -ntau̯˨˩˦
Else: Suffix -ɛ˧ntau̯˨˩˦
shūndaù /ˈʂu˥ntau̯˨˩˦/ to dog
 
SingularPlural
DefiniteNo affix
shū /ʂu˥/ the dog
Suffix -au̯˥˩ŋ
shūaûng /ˈʂu˥au̯˥˩ŋ/ the dogs
IndefiniteSuffix -o˨˩˦
shūò /ˈʂu˥o˨˩˦/ a dog
If ends with vowel: Suffix -ŋ
Else: Suffix -a˥ŋ
shūng /ʂu˥ŋ/ some dogs
 

Articles

  ʈʂomi encodes definite article ‘the’, and indefinite article ‘a’ in noun affixes. See Noun section.
 

Pronouns

 
NominativeAccusativeGenitiveDative
1st singularqang /ʨʰa˧ŋ/ I fǜ /fy˨˩˦/ me sang /sɛ˧ŋ/ mine zhuoūng /ʈʂwou̯˥ŋ/ to me
2nd singularchu /ʈʂʰu˧/ you wa /wa˧/ you /a˧˥/ yours /i˨˩˦/ to you
3rd singularèr /ɤ˨˩˦ʐ/ he, she, it aī /ai̯˥/ his, her, it ǒr /o˧˥ʐ/ his, hers, its ɥěng /ɥə˧˥ŋ/ to his, to her, to it
1st pluraloûng /ou̯˥˩ŋ/ we cha /ʈʂʰa˧/ us peî /pʰei̯˥˩/ ours ōng /o˥ŋ/ to us
2nd pluralàng /a˨˩˦ŋ/ you all oū /ou̯˥/ you all sē /sɤ˥/ yours (pl) shà /ʂa˨˩˦/ to you all
3rd pluralùn /u˨˩˦n/ they /ɤ˥˩/ them kâ /kʰɛ˥˩/ theirs lì /li˨˩˦/ to them
 

Possessive determiners

 
Possessive
1st singularsang /sɛ˧ŋ/ my
2nd singular /a˧˥/ your
3rd singularaī /ai̯˥/ his, her, its
1st pluralpeî /pʰei̯˥˩/ our
2nd pluralsē /sɤ˥/ your (pl)
3rd pluralkâ /kʰɛ˥˩/ their
 

Verbs

 
PresentNo affix
/ʊ˥˩/ learn
PastSuffix -i˥ʐ
ôīr /ˈʊ˥˩i˥ʐ/ learned
FutureSuffix -a˥˩
ôâ /ˈʊ˥˩a˥˩/ will learn
 

Numbers

  ʈʂomi has a base-10 number system:   1 - cun
2 - ɥai
3 - jā
4 - sheî
5 - te
6 - shaū
7 - pǔ
8 - laûn
9 - dor
10 - jàng
100 - zhǎ
1000 - za
 

Derivational morphology

  Adjective → adverb = Suffix -y˥
Adjective → noun (the quality of being [adj]) = If ends with vowel: Suffix -n
Else: Suffix -o˧˥n
Adjective → verb (to make something [adj]) = If ends with vowel: Suffix -ntwɛ˧
Else: Suffix -ei̯˧ntwɛ˧
Noun → adjective (having the quality of [noun]) = Suffix -ou̯˥˩ʐ
Noun → adjective relating to noun (e.g. economy → economic) = Suffix -y˥
Noun to verb = Suffix -ou̯˥˩
Verb → adjective (result of doing [verb]) = If ends with vowel: Suffix -n
Else: Suffix -ei̯˧n
Tending to = Suffix -ei̯˥
Verb → noun (the act of [verb]) = If ends with vowel: Suffix -ŋ
Else: Suffix -o˥˩ŋ
Verb → noun that verb produces (e.g. know → knowledge) = If ends with vowel: Suffix -ʐ
Else: Suffix -ei̯˥ʐ
One who [verb]s (e.g. paint → painter) = Suffix -a˥ʐ
Place of (e.g. wine → winery) = Suffix -o˥˩ʐ
Diminutive = If ends with vowel: Suffix -ʐ
Else: Suffix -i˥˩ʐ
Augmentative = Suffix -ɛ˥˩

Dictionary

3144 Words.
Spoken by
Common Female Names
  • Madaba
  • Madoka
  • Lu
  • Common Male Names
  • Thieu
  • Ryeu
  • Thinh
  • Common Unisex Names
  • Laraken
  • Mako
  • Thien


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